How it works
Pneumatic conveying moves bulk solids by entraining them in a flowing gas through a pipe. The gas drags the particles along; each particle lags the gas slightly (a near-constant slip), and the suspension’s behavior depends on the gas velocity relative to the particles’ tendency to settle. Above a critical velocity the solids stay suspended and travel in dilute phase; too slow and they drop out and slide along the bottom (saltation), risking blockage. Moving the solids costs pressure: the gas itself has wall friction, the solids must be accelerated up to speed, lifted against gravity on inclines, and they rub against the wall and each other; every bend adds a further loss as the solids are re-accelerated after impact.
The total pressure drop along the line is what sizes the blower and sets the conveying capacity. It rises with solids loading, line length, number of bends, and gas velocity — so design is a balance between enough velocity to keep solids suspended and not so much that pressure drop, energy, attrition, and erosion run away.
The model
The pneumatic conveying unit computes the pressure drop along a conveying line, based on the Siegel method. The pipe system is defined as a sequence of pipe and bend sections (each with length, diameter, slope, and bend angle), with the inlet and outlet pressures specified.
It estimates the gas velocity and solids loading (solids-to-gas mass ratio) along the line, assuming a constant solids-to-gas velocity ratio (C_v = 0.75), then sums the pressure-drop contributions — gas friction, solids acceleration, lift on inclines, interparticle friction, and bend losses — using Reynolds- and Froude-number-based friction correlations. The output is the total pressure drop and its components. It is a dilute-phase pressure-drop calculator, not a dense-phase or flow-regime model.
Key parameters
- Pipe & bend sectionsLength, diameter, slope, and bend angle of each section define the line.
- Inlet / outlet pressuresBoundary pressures for the conveying line.
- Gas flow & solids loadingSet the gas velocity and the solids-to-gas mass ratio along the line.
- Velocity ratio C_vConstant solids-to-gas velocity ratio (0.75) used in the Siegel basis.
Equipment this model can represent
Any gas-entrained transport of bulk solids through a pipe-and-bend line.
Dilute-phase (lean) conveying
High velocity, low solids loading; simple and common.
Dense-phase conveying
Low velocity, high loading; gentler on product, less attrition.
Pressure (push) systems
Blower upstream, conveying from one source to many destinations.
Vacuum (pull) systems
Suction from many sources to one destination.
Typical engineering studies
What teams investigate with the pneumatic-conveying model.
Pressure-drop prediction
Predict the pressure drop of a conveying line for a given layout, gas flow, and solids loading.
Routing comparison
Compare pipe routings (length, diameter, bends, inclines) on pressure drop.
Blower sizing
Provide the conveying pressure drop to size a blower or check an existing system’s capacity.
Gas-handling coupling
Couple to upstream feeders and a downstream cyclone/filter in a gas-handling flowsheet.
Loading vs. velocity
Study how solids loading and gas velocity trade off against pressure drop.
Process-library evidence
Pneumatic transport in DyssolPro
The DyssolPro unit library lists Pneumatic transport as an implemented transport unit for connected solids-process flowsheets.
Technical FAQ
How do I design a pneumatic conveying system for powder?
You choose dilute or dense phase, set a gas velocity that keeps the powder suspended, and lay out the line to keep pressure drop within the blower’s range. DyssolPro computes the pressure drop for a candidate layout and gas flow, so you can iterate pipe sizing, routing, and velocity against the available pressure before finalizing the design.
Why is my pneumatic transport line clogging?
Clogging usually means the gas velocity dropped below the saltation velocity, so solids settled and bridged. DyssolPro doesn’t simulate the blockage itself, but it computes the gas velocity and pressure drop along the line, so you can check whether velocity stays above the suspension threshold and find where it falls short.
How can I reduce particle breakage during pneumatic conveying?
Breakage comes from impacts at bends and high velocity, reduced by lower velocity (dense phase) and gentler bends. DyssolPro doesn’t model attrition, but it lets you study the gas velocity and bend layout that drive it, so you can choose a lower-velocity design that still conveys — then verify breakage experimentally.
What is the difference between dilute phase and dense phase conveying?
Dilute phase uses high velocity and low loading with solids fully suspended; dense phase uses low velocity and high loading, moving solids as slugs — gentler but needing more pressure. DyssolPro’s model is on the dilute-phase (Siegel) basis, so it’s best applied to suspended-flow lines; dense-phase behavior is outside its assumptions.
How do I calculate pressure drop in pneumatic transport?
Pressure drop is the sum of gas friction, solids acceleration, lift, interparticle friction, and bend losses. DyssolPro computes exactly this breakdown from your pipe-and-bend layout, gas flow, and solids loading, returning the total and each component.
How can I prevent powder buildup in conveying pipes?
Build-up is settled material from too-low velocity or sticky powder. DyssolPro computes the gas velocity along the line so you can keep it above the suspension threshold; the stickiness/deposit mechanics themselves are a material/operational matter.
How does air velocity affect product degradation?
Higher air velocity raises impact energy and attrition/degradation, especially at bends. DyssolPro relates the gas flow to velocity and pressure drop, so you can study the lowest velocity that still conveys reliably to limit degradation, even though it doesn’t compute the degradation directly.
How do bends and pipe length affect pneumatic conveying performance?
Each bend adds a re-acceleration loss and length adds friction, both raising pressure drop. DyssolPro models pipes and bends explicitly with their lengths, diameters, and angles, so you can quantify how routing choices change the total pressure drop.
How can I reduce dust generation during pneumatic conveying?
Dust comes from attrition during transport, reduced by gentler (lower-velocity) conveying. DyssolPro doesn’t model dust generation, but it helps you design a lower-velocity line, and you can couple a downstream cyclone/filter to capture the dust that forms.
How do I model solids flow in a pneumatic transport system?
This is the unit’s purpose: it estimates gas velocity, solids loading, and the pressure drop along the conveying line. In DyssolPro you define the pipe-and-bend system and the model returns the conveying pressure drop and its components.
How can I prevent electrostatic charging in pneumatic conveying?
Electrostatic build-up is a tribocharging effect (grounding, humidity, additives address it) outside the model’s scope. DyssolPro covers the conveying pressure drop and flow, not the charge generation, which is a material/equipment matter.
Why is my pneumatic conveying system consuming too much air?
Excess air use means the velocity (and thus gas flow) is higher than needed for reliable suspension. DyssolPro lets you study the minimum gas flow that keeps solids suspended at acceptable pressure drop, pointing to a leaner air rate.
How do I select a blower for pneumatic transport?
The blower must deliver the gas flow at the system’s total pressure drop. DyssolPro computes that pressure drop for your line and loading, giving the operating point the blower must meet — the blower selection itself is then a straightforward match.
What causes saltation in pneumatic conveying lines?
Saltation occurs when gas velocity drops below the value needed to keep particles suspended, so they fall out. DyssolPro computes the gas velocity along the line so you can keep it above the saltation threshold; the model flags low-velocity zones rather than simulating the saltation transition itself.
How can I reduce erosion in bends and elbows?
Erosion is driven by particle impacts at bends at high velocity — a mechanical wear effect not modelled. DyssolPro doesn’t compute erosion, but since it scales with velocity and bend loading (both of which it quantifies), it helps you choose a gentler routing and velocity.
How does particle shape affect pneumatic conveying behavior?
Shape changes drag and saltation velocity, so irregular particles convey differently. The model uses bulk properties and a fixed velocity ratio rather than shape, so in DyssolPro shape effects are absorbed into the calibrated/assumed parameters rather than resolved explicitly.
How do I choose between pressure and vacuum conveying?
Pressure systems suit one-to-many distribution and longer distances; vacuum suits many-to-one and dust-free pickup. DyssolPro computes the pressure drop either way (you set inlet/outlet pressures), so you can compare the conveying duty; the source/destination topology drives the final choice.
How can I prevent segregation during pneumatic conveying?
Segregation by size/density happens in dilute flow and at bends — a granular effect the model doesn’t resolve. DyssolPro computes the conveying pressure drop, not segregation, so that aspect is handled by line design and downstream re-mixing.
How do I detect blockages in pneumatic transport lines?
Blockage detection is a monitoring task (pressure, flow sensors). DyssolPro predicts the normal pressure drop, providing a baseline a rising measured pressure can be compared against, but it doesn’t model the blockage event itself.
How can I simulate pressure drop and solids loading in pneumatic conveying?
This is exactly the unit: from the pipe-and-bend layout and the gas/solids feed it estimates the solids loading and the pressure drop (with its components) along the line, ready to size the system inside the flowsheet.